Pulse averaging circuit



Se t. 12, 1950 D. F.'AL-EXANDER 2,521,890

PULSE AVERAGING CIRCUIT Original Filed Nov. 30, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 X m 12/E 34 PEAK VALUES OF A SHORT-TIME LIGHT TRANSIEN T SIGNAL LIGHT INTENSITY S TEADY LIGHT II II TIME FIG. 2

2 pfMNVENTOR.

Sept. 12, 1950 D. F. ALEXANDER 2,521,890

PULSE AVERAGING CIRCUIT Original Filed Nov. 30, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG.3

flasher type of' signalling system we" short duration: which niajy last 1555 than 2'5 micro Y YPI-JILSEAWRAGINIGTCWCWT" T e General Motors ll m Dayton 011i PPQm i0n19t pela are Original application November 30, 1942, Serial 467,422, nowx'Patent No. 2,422,766, date'diJmie 24, 1947. Divided-and this application-N her23,-1946,SrialNo.711;Q04w-; "i

' This invention relates to adirect current volt of 'e H rgy-iineach meter 1}; -means Would'notg This application isfja division of my copending" thesignal. Since t r l v v application S. N. 467,422, filed November 30, 1942,; ordinarY'.fiasher,.;W w v ry ome' in intensityl'the now Patent No. 2,422,766, issued June 24, 194 77,, 5 lightjn eter is designed tqaverage asuccessionof "The particular invention to whiel 'the" resent theseflpeaklvalue t. 'Ijh thellight mete'z i s inj application i directed relates to the circuit ar-i tended to. translate th gl t in eachpealginto rangements of the averaging and am'pli fying voltage impulse ,whi'c s; proporti al to; m v j .y I -& .4 h i ht O -th peak wi h? i g n it h 11 It is one object of "thisinvention to .providefan. 1'0 Due to the shortness, f the duratipn.'oteach fia,

improved form 'ofjdirectpurrent amplifier for,-i,ise andlduef ;to the, in combination with anelectron tubeindicator v Qnejvobject qrg'tnis invention is tq g r m n; and ope-rate the instrument capable of; checkingthe intensity of measurement a peak voltages of short duration} 4 Y q I5 one in effect 1 Another object of this inventioniisjtoiprovidea theflashes and t portable low cost instrument for measuring and? at ijon than lwou lqih g indicating the'peak voltage values! of an inter; shown diagramina 'cauyin' mittent voltage source. I flashesvany so e; in height and the energy 2 th t gtion bf k w i hp oiectsqabove.

sun another object a .this invention, isito prbg vide a portable, compact, light weight, ornpletely' battery operated; voltmeter.

i A further obj'ctfjo'fthis' inventionf 63 an indicator which does notre'quire'the use, H delicate and expensive indicating.elementsi designated by il'ffu'rthei olojec'tof thisinven'tion'is to proe a pliiier legend 111 1 direct current volt meter the 1 eadings'j asdiagrainin areindependerit of battery andltubeehang e's triceircuits sh v v p k m 1159- j Y i icu'ita i t n e nentgmwib l sedli o 7 1gv Further objects andadvantaes of'the'fpres'ent 30 either visible orlinvisible.r'adiationspy iselecting v invention will be apparent from the "following d thejproper photoeellf 'lihe t be of photocellused. scription; referencebeing-had tothe acct-measly: will, ,of. eoui;se.;depen up the nature o t. the m drawings, whereina preferred fprm of'the'" radiation on measured;mi si i i y present'inventionisclearly shown. quired.[ i In the drawings:

Fig. l'is a diagrammatic view showing a source and the mainf' elements"of -a peak'tran'sfi light' meter constructed" in accordance with" invention; Fig. 2 represents a graph showing light as ordinates and tim abscissa and "i Fig. 3 is a detailed bircdit diagram'ofalight meter constructed in accordance with m inven mm The light meter describe'd'herifi" isprlinarily intended to measure the "intensity of'a light signal? cm "a h,

emitted by a flasher type-or signauirigapp rat s; More particularly 'it 'isintended fol-u infa" 'tHe'fl flashes consist of intensive flashes" ofeiztr may seconds. 'Theflashes emanate froni the source]? and may for example occur at afrat'e a; v .t has/i a,sft'eat ly ten per second and may 'befeithr visilole o valuew hi'cl i a ve tto theva ue invisible lightrays. E Bcadsofth' man'imountet of the light pea s"to be measured. Asshown'in tetrode connection is used wherein the first oi .037 microfaradcondensei-t sites shape; in

. important to useq a cathod n'ientllairgefincrea sjes rrp a 2,521,890 7 ii; are; t 3 4 Fig. 2 the interfering light may be represented by a substantially horizontal straight line, whereas .the light flashes to bemeasured are represented by a series of high peaks.

The integrator ificomprisesa"rjento'dhuhe 205' having a-'filamentary cathode and may, ior" ex ample, be a tube of the type commonly known as 1E5GP.

resistor 31, and the polarity is such that decreased bias-drop due to receipt of a negative direct current signal on the grid of the first tube increases the plate-currentof the second tube. Theaniou nt t this increase-is"nearly equal to the amounto'f decrease in thrilata'ciirreht in the first tube due to the decreased bias-drop. Since e a her unusual p -p fi etl e two plate-currents are additive through the cathode-resistor, the effect of using the second si na g id is fi d at av a fi fl mm iah e tute is to" minimize changes in bias-drop, that is,

by means of the resistors 11 and I9, and the second or screened-grid is uSedT asftHe aiitufiifsiEi T grid. A zero plate-current setting ha' sbeen pro vided for the tube 20 which comprises a potentiometer l arranged in circuitaaswshnwnr By." 15 thereeissnom virtue of this arrangement theipotntionieter fi may be adjusted so that no plate- -current canf flow through tube until a signal is receivedfrom the photocell circuit. voltmeter H in conjunction with the adjustable. rheostat 9 avoidstlji necessity of; changing the gdtentioinfetei" iFwithrliangesfiirfilament fef ampiit ierj array:

ib h i v.vFirest creates; to ccnn'ecfthe outputicapfa it anode battery" 33} and? the" a od iiai lii rwere sara'c to' charged to .a? voltage piqport 13a ne .va ue'oia h is i isj gjs b iflim va ort st in k tam qfiam ui ntnm 1n e are t ceiidi im1 1iq 'phms l Wartim atarac s cha e in rid-meanne s. v l r e l fro mi rvr e' hr nehit ri es s b'r'fii s;

li -wante grid: currents are n a de ee h 0i eh h i "id-bias dire to iiicrjea d pl through the cathoderesisto amplifier circuifth'e" use of'a cathods cuit's oi'jar'r ampl f er producsgan unwantedinega:

W Qd consist nt-mm o-bfia ng m add.

ing use.

. emai ;ra efiewithout1disturbing'jjth;direct current mas; In 1 oi'ia' cathodest'br type of bias. A further advgn' in using'the above circuit is that the voltage oiiti'antds zero when the signal is zero,

or canybe made of small value and of a polarity Q to suit the no-signal setting of the visible target oi" tube}; by adjustment of the f rst tube screen voltage" by adjusting "the petentiemeter 38" as, shown. The above arrangement ohyi ates thefl-re quire'ment for a' sepaiate..bia zuattry: re; tiibel U e' indicator pprtionof the circuitniakes use o fffa" conventional cathode-'raytulde 2'4'such" as the 671i";v tube in which, thefiil anfient'i s energizedifoinj the sani'e'battry 40Which energizes the filaments A 1: to, the grid, ;and l.mfd. capacitor 431 connected rrbm rid to cathode as flown, j

resistors" 41 a is 48': are? u eil'agq i, a n r s fiq w h i a i emen erm t t use of" a commoniplate battery for. the tubes Z] L I fi e-2 ii'i e i e ie slap ii r 3 9 a eiv n r P r s q a i u i t e r nl a islohvio .that other values-:n ayebe used'without;

departing from the spirit of my invention...

O B wirtue qf the above describedearrangement the instmment is capable.oLaVeraging;a succes sion-of .peah lig-ht values rather than :measuringi;.- a singlezpeak valuee: Furthermore the: readingss t are inclependent'ofbattery;and-tubechangesadur l While the-form f. emhodiment of the invention asherein gdisclosed; constitutes a preferred". f it is togbe understood thatotheriforms'mightibei adopted, as may come within the scope' otsthei 55 permanently; connectedibetween said input corrductors;resistance meanspermanently conneotedrs in; seri es-with one of jnput-z conductorsbeycndr", the capacitormeansconnection therewitha sec??? ondgresistance meanshaving onezend permanent-;=

9 1y; connected .to i the .outputside of the-first man Z? tionedresistancen neans and 'its. -other-'endr-per i manently. connected to t he second -inpute con ductor. in parallel circuit with'said; capacitorirq means,; to form withithe, first (mentioned resist;

ancemeans .aLpermanentpassive storage circuitfl' two electronic tubes each having at least a cath- UNITED STATES PATENTS ode and an anode and a control electrode, con- Number Name Dat necting means connecting said cathodes, the 0011- 2,070,772 Ansley Feb. 16, 1937 trol electrode of the first tube being permanently 2,085,433 Woodward t June 29, 1937 connected to the first mentioned resistance 5 2303354 Geohegan July 1 1940 means, a. common cathode resistor per 2,232,212 Cary Feb. 18, 1941 connecting said connecting means wi h the 2,274,153 Penther Feb. 24, 1942 0nd input conductor and with the con rol 8160- 2,276,565 Crosby Mar. 17, 1942 trade of the second tube, and an operated means 229L643 Rider 1; 1 4, 1942 connected between the two anodes and responsive N 2 75 Eldredge 21, 1943 to the voltage across them. 2,340,364 Bedford Feb. 1, 1944 DONALD F- ALEXAND R- 2,395,615 Curtis Feb. 26, 1946 REFERENCES CITED OTHER REFERENCES The following references are of record in the 1 uu Tu be V tm e b R der, 1941, file of this patent: page 119. Published by J. F. Rider Publishing Co.,

' Inc., New York 16. N. Y. 

